What To Plant In Large Outdoor Pots

What To Plant In Large Outdoor Pots: A Guide to Maximizing Your Container Gardening

Large outdoor pots offer an expansive canvas for creativity and horticultural expression. They allow for the cultivation of a diverse range of plants, from vibrant annuals and perennials to miniature trees and productive vegetable gardens. Selecting the appropriate plants for these larger containers, however, requires careful consideration of factors such as size, sun exposure, climate, and aesthetic goals. This article provides a comprehensive guide to what you can plant in large outdoor pots, focusing on key considerations and plant selections that will thrive in this environment.

The benefits of using large outdoor pots are numerous. They provide ample room for root development, which leads to healthier and more robust plants. They retain moisture more effectively than smaller containers, reducing the frequency of watering. Furthermore, they offer design flexibility, allowing for the creation of stunning focal points and dynamic arrangements. Large pots can be moved (though with significant effort, especially when filled with soil and plants) to optimize sun exposure or protect plants from inclement weather. Finally, they can elevate the look of any outdoor space by adding a touch of elegance and personality.

Understanding the Environment and Potting Mix

Prior to selecting plants, a thorough assessment of the growing environment is crucial. This includes understanding the amount of sunlight the pot will receive throughout the day. Plants are categorized into several sun exposure levels, including full sun (6+ hours of direct sunlight), partial sun (4-6 hours of direct sunlight), partial shade (2-4 hours of direct sunlight), and full shade (less than 2 hours of direct sunlight). Choosing plants that match the available sunlight is paramount for their health and vigor. In addition, note prevailing wind patterns, temperature fluctuations, and average rainfall to ensure compatibility with your plant choices.

The quality of the potting mix significantly influences the success of container gardening. Traditional garden soil is generally not suitable for pots, as it compacts easily and impedes drainage. Instead, a well-draining potting mix designed for containers is recommended. These mixes typically consist of a blend of peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, and composted materials. The ideal potting mix should retain moisture while allowing excess water to drain freely, prevent root rot, and provide adequate aeration for healthy root growth. For very large pots, consider adding a small percentage of garden soil or topsoil to the bottom to reduce the cost of filling the entire container with high-quality potting mix. However, ensure the top layers consist of the appropriate container mix.

The size and material of the pot also play a role. Larger pots, naturally, accommodate larger and deeper-rooted plants. The material of the pot affects moisture retention and temperature. Clay pots are porous and allow for greater air circulation, but they dry out quickly. Plastic pots retain moisture better but can overheat in direct sunlight. Consider these factors when choosing a pot material. Make sure the pot has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.

Plant Selection for Large Outdoor Containers

The diversity of plants suitable for large outdoor pots is vast. Categorizing them based on their characteristics and suitability can help guide the selection process. Below are several categories with specific plant recommendations:

Annuals: Annuals complete their life cycle in a single growing season, providing vibrant color and continuous blooms throughout the spring, summer, and fall. They are ideal for adding seasonal interest and instant gratification to container gardens. Some popular annuals for large pots include:

Petunias: Available in a wide range of colors and patterns, petunias are prolific bloomers that cascade beautifully over the edges of pots. Wave petunias are particularly well-suited for large containers due to their spreading habit.
Geraniums (Pelargoniums): Geraniums offer a classic appeal with their vibrant flower clusters and attractive foliage. They are relatively drought-tolerant and come in various colors and forms, including zonal, ivy, and scented geraniums.
Impatiens: Impatiens thrive in shaded locations, adding a splash of color to areas that receive little sunlight. They are available in a variety of colors and bloom continuously throughout the growing season. New Guinea impatiens are a sturdier, sun-tolerant option.
Calibrachoa (Million Bells): Calibrachoa resembles miniature petunias and produces masses of small, bell-shaped flowers. They are available in a wide array of colors and are known for their trailing habit.
Marigolds: Marigolds are easy-to-grow annuals that offer bright yellow, orange, and red blooms. They are also effective at repelling certain pests.
Begonias: Begonias offer a range of options, from tuberous begonias with large, showy flowers to wax begonias with glossy foliage and delicate blooms. They can tolerate both sun and shade, depending on the variety.

Perennials: Perennials live for more than two years, providing long-term beauty and structural interest to container gardens. They typically bloom for a shorter period than annuals but return year after year. Some popular perennials for large pots include:

Lavender (Lavandula): Lavender is a fragrant herb with beautiful purple flowers. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
Coneflowers (Echinacea): Coneflowers are drought-tolerant perennials that attract butterflies and other pollinators. They come in a variety of colors, including purple, pink, orange, and yellow.
Black-Eyed Susans (Rudbeckia): Black-eyed Susans are cheerful perennials with bright yellow petals and a dark brown center. They are easy to grow and attract pollinators.
Coral Bells (Heuchera): Coral bells are valued for their attractive foliage, which comes in a variety of colors and patterns. They thrive in partial shade and add texture and interest to container gardens.
Daylilies (Hemerocallis): Daylilies are easy-to-grow perennials that produce a profusion of trumpet-shaped flowers. They are available in a wide range of colors and sizes.
Hostas: Hostas are shade-loving perennials with attractive foliage. They come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors, making them ideal for adding texture and interest to shady container gardens.

Shrubs and Small Trees: For a more substantial and long-lasting container display, consider incorporating shrubs or small trees. These can provide structure, height, and year-round interest.

Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum): Japanese maples offer beautiful foliage that changes color throughout the seasons. They prefer partial shade and well-drained soil. Dwarf varieties are best suited for containers.
Boxwood (Buxus): Boxwood is an evergreen shrub that can be pruned into formal shapes. It is relatively low-maintenance and provides year-round structure.
Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla): Hydrangeas produce large, showy flower clusters. The color of the flowers can be influenced by the pH of the soil. They prefer partial shade and well-drained soil.
Dwarf Citrus Trees: Dwarf citrus trees, such as lemons, limes, and oranges, can be grown in containers in warmer climates. They require full sun and well-drained soil.
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus): Rosemary is a fragrant herb with needle-like foliage. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil.

Vegetables and Herbs: Large containers also offer an opportunity to grow your own vegetables and herbs. This allows for fresh, homegrown produce right outside your door.

Tomatoes Tomatoes thrive in large containers with proper support. Choose determinate or bush varieties for compact growth.
Peppers Peppers, particularly bell peppers and chili peppers, are well-suited for container gardening.
Eggplant Eggplant requires a large pot and full sun to produce abundant fruit.
Lettuce and Spinach These leafy greens can be grown in containers, providing a continuous harvest.
Herbs Many herbs, such as basil, mint, parsley, and thyme, thrive in containers.

Creating a Visually Appealing Arrangement

Beyond selecting individual plants, consider the overall design and arrangement of the container garden. A well-designed container garden should be visually balanced and create a focal point.

The "thriller, filler, and spiller" method is a popular approach to creating visually appealing container gardens. The "thriller" is the tallest and most eye-catching plant, serving as the focal point. The "filler" plants surround the thriller and provide texture and volume. The "spiller" plants cascade over the edges of the pot, softening the edges and adding movement.

Consider the color palette when selecting plants. Harmonious color schemes, such as using different shades of the same color, can create a calming and sophisticated look. Contrasting color schemes, such as combining complementary colors, can create a bold and vibrant display. The texture of the foliage is also important. Combining plants with different leaf shapes and textures adds visual interest and complexity.

Maintenance and Care

Once the plants are selected and arranged, proper maintenance is essential for their continued health and beauty. Watering is a critical aspect of container gardening. Large containers retain moisture better than smaller ones, but they still require regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. Check the moisture level of the soil regularly and water when the top inch or two feels dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.

Fertilizing is also important for providing plants with the nutrients they need to thrive. Use a slow-release fertilizer at planting time and supplement with a liquid fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season. Choose a fertilizer that is formulated for the specific type of plants you are growing. Regularly remove spent flowers and dead leaves to encourage new growth and maintain the appearance of the container garden.

Depending on the climate, it may be necessary to protect container plants from extreme weather conditions. Move pots to a sheltered location during strong winds or heavy rain. In colder climates, tender plants may need to be brought indoors or protected with blankets or burlap during the winter months. Overwintering strategies depend on the hardiness of the plants selected.

Finally, monitor plants regularly for signs of pests or diseases. Treat any problems promptly to prevent them from spreading. With proper care and attention, large outdoor pots can become a source of beauty and enjoyment for years to come.