Outdoor Natural Gas Fire Pit Diy

DIY Outdoor Natural Gas Fire Pit: A Comprehensive Guide

An outdoor fire pit serves as a focal point for social gatherings, extending the usability of outdoor spaces into cooler months. While propane-fueled fire pits offer convenience, a natural gas fire pit provides a permanent and often more cost-effective solution, eliminating the need for propane tank refills. Constructing a DIY natural gas fire pit requires careful planning, adherence to safety regulations, and a methodical approach to ensure a secure and functional installation. This article provides a detailed guide to building your own outdoor natural gas fire pit.

Planning and Preparation

The initial phase of any DIY project involves meticulous planning, and a natural gas fire pit is no exception. This stage dictates the final outcome and directly impacts safety and long-term functionality. Before commencing any physical work, several crucial considerations must be addressed.

Permits and Regulations: The first step is to investigate local building codes and permit requirements. Most municipalities require permits for gas line extensions and outdoor fire features. Neglecting this step can result in fines, mandatory removal of the fire pit, and potential legal issues. Contact your local building department to understand the specific requirements for your area. These requirements often stipulate the distance from structures, property lines, and combustible materials, as well as the type of materials that are acceptable for construction.

Location Selection: Choosing the optimal location is paramount. The fire pit should be situated a safe distance away from any structures, overhanging trees, fences, or other flammable materials. A minimum clearance of ten feet in all directions is generally recommended. Consider prevailing wind patterns to minimize smoke blowing towards your house or neighboring properties. The location should also be easily accessible and provide ample space for seating and movement around the fire pit. Level ground is preferable to ensure stability and even burning.

Design Considerations: Determine the desired size, shape, and style of the fire pit. Common shapes include circular, square, and rectangular. The size should be proportionate to the available space and the intended number of users. Consider the aesthetic appeal of the fire pit and how it will complement your existing landscaping. Draw detailed plans outlining the dimensions, materials, and construction techniques. This blueprint will serve as a guide throughout the project.

Material Selection: The materials used in the construction of the fire pit should be durable, weather-resistant, and non-combustible. Common choices include concrete blocks, pavers, natural stone, and brick. Avoid using materials that may crack or crumble under high heat. The fire pit insert, burner, and gas line components must be specifically designed for natural gas use and certified by a reputable testing agency such as UL or CSA. Ensure that all fittings and connections are compatible with natural gas.

Installation Process

Once the planning phase is complete, the actual construction of the fire pit can begin. This involves extending the gas line, building the fire pit structure, installing the burner, and testing the system for leaks. Precision and attention to detail are essential throughout this process.

Gas Line Extension: Extending the natural gas line is arguably the most critical and potentially hazardous step. It is strongly recommended to hire a qualified and licensed gas fitter to perform this work. Improper installation can lead to gas leaks, explosions, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas line should be buried underground at a sufficient depth, typically 18 inches or more, to protect it from damage. Use only approved polyethylene or coated steel pipe designed for underground gas service. Ensure that all connections are properly tightened and sealed with gas-rated Teflon tape or pipe sealant. A shut-off valve should be installed near the fire pit to allow for easy maintenance and emergency shut-off.

Fire Pit Structure Construction: With the gas line in place, the construction of the fire pit structure can commence. This typically involves assembling the chosen materials to create the desired shape and size. If using concrete blocks or pavers, start by creating a level base using compacted gravel or sand. Stagger the joints between each layer for added strength and stability. Use construction adhesive or mortar to bond the blocks or pavers together. The height of the fire pit should be comfortable for sitting around, typically between 12 and 18 inches. Leave a small opening at the base of the structure for ventilation.

Burner and Ignition System Installation: Once the fire pit structure is complete, the burner and ignition system can be installed. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. The burner should be securely mounted in the center of the fire pit, ensuring that it is level and properly aligned. Connect the burner to the gas line using approved fittings and flexible gas line. Install the ignition system according to the manufacturer's instructions. This may involve wiring an electronic igniter or installing a manual spark igniter. Ensure that the ignition system is properly grounded to prevent electrical shocks.

Leak Testing: Before using the fire pit, it is essential to test the entire system for gas leaks. Apply a soapy water solution to all connections and fittings. If bubbles appear, it indicates a leak. Tighten the connection or replace the fitting as necessary. Repeat the leak test until no leaks are detected. If you are unable to resolve the leak, contact a qualified gas fitter for assistance. Never use an open flame to test for gas leaks.

Safety Considerations and Maintenance

Safety should be the overriding concern throughout the entire process, from planning to operation. Regular maintenance is also crucial for ensuring the longevity and safe operation of the fire pit.

Carbon Monoxide Safety: Natural gas combustion produces carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas that can be deadly. Ensure that the fire pit is located in a well-ventilated area and never operate it indoors or in enclosed spaces. Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home to provide early warning of any potential leaks. Educate all users about the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning and the symptoms to watch out for.

Safe Operation Practices: Always supervise the fire pit when it is in use. Keep children and pets a safe distance away from the flames. Never leave the fire pit unattended while it is burning. Use a spark screen to prevent embers from escaping and potentially igniting nearby materials. Keep a fire extinguisher or garden hose nearby in case of emergency. Do not use flammable liquids to start or accelerate the fire.

Regular Maintenance: Regularly inspect the fire pit for any signs of damage or deterioration. Check the gas line for leaks or corrosion. Clean the burner and ignition system to remove any debris or obstructions. Remove any accumulated ash or debris from the fire pit. Inspect the surrounding area for any flammable materials or overgrown vegetation. Have the gas line and burner system professionally inspected by a qualified gas fitter at least once a year.

By adhering to these guidelines, individuals can successfully construct a safe and functional outdoor natural gas fire pit, enhancing their outdoor living experience and creating a warm and inviting gathering space.