How To Make Outdoor Shelters For Cats

Providing outdoor shelters for cats offers vital protection against the elements, especially during harsh weather. Constructing a safe and warm haven for feral, stray, or even outdoor pet cats significantly enhances their well-being and survival chances. Understanding the key elements of a successful shelter and following practical construction techniques ensures the creation of a beneficial and comfortable space for these animals.

The need for outdoor cat shelters becomes especially acute during winter months when temperatures plummet, and during the summer when intense heat can be equally dangerous. Cats without proper shelter are susceptible to hypothermia, frostbite, heatstroke, and dehydration. Furthermore, providing a dedicated shelter reduces the likelihood of cats seeking refuge in potentially hazardous locations, such as under car hoods or in sheds with toxic materials.

Before commencing construction, consider the specific needs of the cats you intend to shelter. The number of cats the shelter will accommodate, the local climate, and the available materials will significantly influence the design and construction process. A well-planned and thoughtfully built shelter provides a safe, comfortable, and long-lasting refuge for cats in need.

Choosing the Right Location and Materials

Selecting an appropriate location is paramount to the success of any outdoor cat shelter. The location should be protected from prevailing winds, rain, and snow. Areas near buildings, under bushes, or in sheltered corners of a yard are often ideal. Avoid locations prone to flooding or areas with high foot traffic, which can disturb the cats and deter them from using the shelter.

Consider the proximity to food and water sources. While the shelter itself should not contain food (as this can attract unwanted pests), it should be situated within a reasonable distance of these resources. Ensure the feeding area and the shelter are separate to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

Material selection is crucial for insulation, durability, and weather resistance. The primary goal is to create a shelter that retains heat during the winter and remains cool during the summer. Ideal materials include:

Plastic Storage Bins:
Durable, waterproof, and relatively inexpensive, plastic storage bins are a popular choice. Ensure the bin is made of sturdy plastic that can withstand temperature fluctuations and potential damage.
Wooden Boxes:
Wooden boxes provide excellent insulation, particularly when combined with additional insulating materials. Cedar and treated lumber are good choices for their resistance to rot and insects.
Styrofoam Coolers:
Styrofoam coolers offer exceptional insulation and are lightweight and easy to work with. Ensure the cooler is sturdy enough to withstand outdoor conditions.
Straw or Hay:
Used as insulation material inside the shelter. Straw or hay is preferable over blankets or towels, as they retain warmth even when damp. Blankets and towels can become saturated with moisture and actually draw heat away from the cat.
Reflective Insulation:
Radiant barriers can be used to reflect heat back into the shelter during winter and reflect heat away during summer.
Duct Tape:
Waterproof and durable for sealing edges and reinforcing constructions.

Avoid using materials that can readily absorb and retain moisture, such as cotton blankets or towels. These materials can become breeding grounds for mold and bacteria and can actually lower the temperature inside the shelter when damp.

Constructing a Simple Plastic Bin Shelter

One of the easiest and most effective outdoor cat shelters can be made using a plastic storage bin. This design is relatively inexpensive, easy to assemble, and provides adequate protection from the elements. The following steps outline the construction process:

Gather Materials:
You will need a plastic storage bin with a lid, a utility knife or jigsaw, straw or hay for insulation, and duct tape. A second, smaller plastic bin that fits inside the larger one can be used for double-walled insulation.
Cut an Entrance Hole:
Using the utility knife or jigsaw, carefully cut a circular or square hole in one of the short sides of the bin. The entrance hole should be large enough for a cat to easily enter and exit, but not so large that it allows significant heat loss. A 6-inch diameter hole is generally sufficient. Consider bevelling the inside edges of the hole with sandpaper or duct tape to prevent injury.
Insulate the Bin (Optional):
For added insulation, place the smaller plastic bin inside the larger bin. This creates an air gap between the two layers, which acts as an insulator. You can also fill the space between the bins with additional insulation material.
Line the Inside with Insulation:
Fill the bottom of the bin with a thick layer of straw or hay. This will provide a warm and comfortable surface for the cat to lie on. Ensure the straw or hay is loose and not compacted.
Secure the Lid:
Secure the lid of the bin with duct tape to prevent it from being blown off by the wind or opened by other animals. Make sure to leave a small opening for ventilation if the bin is completely sealed.
Camouflage (Optional):
If desired, you can camouflage the shelter by covering it with leaves, branches, or a tarp. This can help to further protect it from the elements and make it less conspicuous.

The plastic bin shelter is relatively lightweight and easily moved. This allows for easy relocation to more sheltered areas as needed. Regularly check the inside of the shelter for moisture or damage and replace the straw or hay as necessary to maintain a clean and dry environment.

Building a Wooden Shelter for Enhanced Durability

A wooden shelter provides enhanced durability and insulation compared to plastic bin shelters. While requiring more construction effort, a well-built wooden shelter can last for many years and provide superior protection from the elements.

Design and Plan:
Before commencing construction, create a detailed plan of the shelter. Consider the size, shape, and number of cats the shelter will accommodate. A simple rectangular box with a slanted roof is a common and effective design.
Cut the Wood:
Based on your plan, cut the wood pieces for the walls, floor, and roof. Use treated lumber or cedar for resistance to rot and insects. Ensure all edges are smooth and free of splinters.
Assemble the Frame:
Construct the frame of the shelter by attaching the wall pieces to the floor piece. Use screws or nails to securely fasten the pieces together. Ensure the frame is sturdy and square.
Add Insulation:
Insulate the walls, floor, and roof of the shelter. You can use rigid foam insulation, fiberglass insulation, or a combination of materials. Cut the insulation to size and fit it snugly between the frame members.
Cover the Insulation:
Cover the insulation with a layer of plywood or paneling to protect it from moisture and damage. Secure the covering with screws or nails.
Construct the Roof:
Construct the roof of the shelter. A slanted roof is recommended to allow water to run off easily. Cover the roof with roofing shingles or a waterproof membrane to prevent leaks.
Cut an Entrance Hole:
Cut an entrance hole in one of the walls of the shelter. The entrance hole should be large enough for a cat to easily enter and exit, but small enough to minimize heat loss. Consider adding a flap or curtain to the entrance to further reduce heat loss.
Add Finishing Touches:
Add any desired finishing touches, such as painting the shelter or adding decorative elements. Ensure the paint is non-toxic and safe for animals.

A wooden shelter provides a robust and long-lasting refuge for cats. Ensure the shelter is placed on a level surface and protected from the elements. Regularly inspect the shelter for damage and make any necessary repairs to maintain its integrity.

Regardless of the construction method used, regular maintenance is crucial. Clean the shelter periodically, replace the bedding material as needed, and promptly repair any damage to ensure the shelter remains a safe and comfortable haven for cats.