How To Build A Small Outdoor Table

How To Build a Small Outdoor Table

Constructing a small outdoor table can be a rewarding project, offering both a functional piece of furniture and a sense of accomplishment. The following detailed instructions outline the process of building a simple, yet sturdy, outdoor table suitable for patios, decks, or gardens. This guide emphasizes clear steps and material considerations to ensure a successful build, even for those with limited woodworking experience.

Before embarking on the project, it is crucial to consider the intended use and location of the table. This will influence decisions regarding material selection, dimensions, and finishing techniques. For example, a table exposed to harsh weather conditions will require more durable materials and protective coatings than a table placed under a covered porch. Similarly, the size of the table should be proportional to the available space and the number of people expected to use it regularly.

Planning and Material Selection

The initial stage involves meticulous planning. Determine the desired dimensions of the table (length, width, and height). A common height for an outdoor table is around 30 inches, but this can be adjusted to suit individual preferences. The length and width will depend on the intended use and the available space. Sketch a simple design, including the dimensions of all components: the tabletop, legs, aprons, and any additional supports. This sketch will serve as a visual guide throughout the construction process.

Material selection is paramount for the longevity and aesthetic appeal of the outdoor table. Several options are available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:

Cedar: Naturally resistant to rot and insects, cedar is a popular choice for outdoor furniture. It is relatively lightweight and easy to work with, but it can be more expensive than other options.
Redwood: Similar to cedar, redwood offers excellent resistance to decay and insects. It is also known for its rich color and durability. However, like cedar, redwood can be a pricier choice.
Treated Lumber: Pressure-treated lumber is a cost-effective option that is resistant to rot and insects. However, it is important to use lumber treated specifically for outdoor use. Treated lumber may also require special handling and disposal procedures.
Teak: A premium hardwood known for its exceptional durability and resistance to the elements. Teak develops a beautiful silver-gray patina over time. It is the most expensive option but offers the longest lifespan.
Composite Lumber: Made from recycled plastic and wood fibers, composite lumber is a low-maintenance and durable alternative to traditional wood. It is resistant to rot, insects, and fading. However, it can be more expensive than treated lumber and may not have the same natural aesthetic appeal as wood.

In addition to the primary lumber, other essential materials include:

Wood screws (specifically designed for outdoor use, such as stainless steel or coated screws)
Wood glue (exterior grade)
Sandpaper (various grits)
Wood finish (exterior grade, such as paint, stain, or sealant)
Measuring tape
Pencil

Once the dimensions of lumber are defined, a list of materials is easier to complete. This should include the dimensions and amount of lumber needed, including extra to account for mistakes and wood lost to the saw blade when cutting.

Cutting and Preparing the Components

With the materials acquired, the next step involves cutting the lumber according to the dimensions specified in the design. Precision is crucial at this stage to ensure that the table is square and stable. Use a circular saw, miter saw, or hand saw to cut the lumber to the required lengths. A miter saw provides the most accurate and consistent cuts, especially for angled cuts. Wear safety glasses and hearing protection during the cutting process.

Once the lumber is cut, it is important to sand all surfaces smooth. Start with a coarser grit sandpaper (e.g., 80-grit) to remove any rough edges or imperfections. Gradually move to finer grit sandpaper (e.g., 120-grit, then 220-grit) to achieve a smooth, even surface. Sanding is essential for creating a professional-looking finish and preventing splinters.

For the tabletop, consider joining multiple pieces of lumber together to achieve the desired width. This can be done using wood glue and clamps. Apply a generous amount of glue to the edges of the boards and clamp them together tightly. Allow the glue to dry completely according to the manufacturer's instructions. Once the glue is dry, remove the clamps and sand the tabletop smooth.

Prepare the legs of the table according to the plan. If the legs are tapered, cut them to the proper shape using a saw. Sand the legs smooth and ensure that they are all the same length.

The aprons are horizontal pieces that connect the legs to the tabletop, providing additional support and stability. Cut the aprons to the required length and sand them smooth. Ensure that the aprons are all the same width.

Assembly

With all the components cut and prepared, the next step is to assemble the table. Begin by attaching the aprons to the legs. Apply wood glue to the ends of the aprons and clamp them to the legs. Use screws to reinforce the joint. Ensure that the aprons are square to the legs. Use a carpenter's square to check for squareness.

The simplest apron joint is butt-jointed and screwed to the legs. This will be strengthened in the next steps, when the tabletop is attached. A more complex joint, such as a mortise and tenon joint, will add strength and durability, but is more time consuming to construct.

Once the aprons are securely attached to the legs, attach the tabletop to the assembled base. Position the tabletop upside down on a flat surface. Center the base on the tabletop, ensuring that there is an equal overhang on all sides. Apply wood glue to the top edges of the aprons. Use screws to attach the base to the tabletop. Drive the screws from underneath the aprons into the tabletop. Be careful not to drive the screws too far, as this could damage the tabletop.

For added stability, consider adding corner braces to the inside corners of the base. These braces will reinforce the joints between the legs and the aprons. Cut the braces from scrap lumber and attach them using wood glue and screws.

Finishing and Protection

The final step is to apply a finish to protect the table from the elements and enhance its appearance. Choose a finish that is specifically designed for outdoor use. Options include paint, stain, and sealant.

Before applying the finish, thoroughly clean the table to remove any dust or debris. Use a tack cloth to wipe down all surfaces. If using paint, apply a primer coat first. This will help the paint adhere better and provide a more uniform finish. Apply several thin coats of paint or stain, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for drying times and application techniques.

If using a sealant, apply it according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sealants help to protect the wood from moisture and UV damage. Apply several coats of sealant, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next.

After the finish has dried completely, inspect the table for any imperfections. Touch up any areas that need attention. Once you are satisfied with the finish, the table is ready to be used.

Depending on the material selected, the table may require more maintenance. For example, teak will eventually weather to a gray color if left untreated, but can be oiled regularly to maintain its original color.

The choice of material also affects the finish. Cedar and redwood can be stained or sealed, while treated lumber is often painted.

By following these detailed instructions, anyone can construct a simple, yet sturdy, outdoor table that will provide years of enjoyment. The key is to plan carefully, select appropriate materials, and pay attention to detail during the construction process.